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UNESCO and the preservation of world heritage: the structure, the challenges, the synergies and the performance
(2020) Kanaki, Alexandra; Κανάκη, Αλεξάνδρα; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Moutos, Thomas; Anagnostaras, Georgios; Blavoukos, Spyros
Heritage has always been a source of identity and pride for humanity. The protection and the conservation of the world’s common legacy has led in international cooperation in many cases through history. Also, heritage has been a producer and a product of diplomacy and was recognized as a soft power tool. The globalization that flourished during the 21st century, led to the creation of UNESCO, an intergovernmental organization whose goal is to achieve world peace by using education, sciences and culture. The cultural sector of this organization recognizes the role that heritage plays in international affairs and pays a lot of attention to its preservation. For this reason, UNESCO fosters a number of different conventions that cover all aspects of heritage; among them is the World Heritage Convention that protects natural and cultural properties, which is the subject of this paper. Τhe Convention has led to international cooperation for the protection of the monuments inscribed in its World Heritage List through a number of programs and it has also been a mean to achieve Within both UNESCO and WHC, a complex set of relations has been created among its participants, who come from states, IOs, NGOs, the private sector and locals. These stakeholders are responsible for the current actions related to heritage; they cooperate, they disagree, or they introduce new ideas. However, as any organization, in order to achieve its goals has to tackle a number of challenges that threaten the monuments, such as climate change, natural disasters, armed conflict, human infrastructure and bad management that eventually could lead them to oblivion. Additionally, it has to eliminate all the inefficiencies that occur internally. The observation of all the above will reveal the performance of UNESCO in the protection and the preservation of the World Heritage.