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    Trade imbalances and competitiveness: a comparative analysis of the southern European countries. The case of Greece, Portugal and Spain
    (2019-06-24) Tourlaki, Iliana; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Katsimi, Margarita; Chatzipanagiotou, Panagiotis
    This dissertation attempts to make a comparison of three Southern European countries, i.e. Greece, Portugal and Spain taking into consideration certain aspects of the economy of the comparator countries, such as trade imbalances within the Eurozone, the concept of competitiveness, the interrelation between trade imbalances and economic Growth and thus the key factors that influence a country’s trade performance and compose to a great extent the notion of competitiveness. Thus, competitiveness is associated to economic Growth i.e. the productivity of an economy, which enhances the attraction of Foreign Direct Investments too. Hence, the comparative analysis of the countries named above focuses on the presentation of indicators related to external competitiveness, representative for a country’s trade performance, such as balance of trade, exports shares and unit labor costs, but also on overall competitiveness indicators i.e. structural indicators of the productive efficiency of a country, such as technological endowments, institutional environment, human and physical infrastructure and so on. Greece, Portugal and Spain are three Mediterranean countries, which have similarities, but also differ in terms of population, production possibilities, economic structure and international trade in general. However, they were all hit by the economic crisis, registered large current account i.e. trade deficits, which led to the decline of their competitiveness over the past few years. Finally, recovery came sooner for Portugal and Spain, but for Greece not.