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Aid for economic development: the efficiency of EU aid programs to developing countries
Koukouras, Konstantinos A.; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International European Economic Studies; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
Foreign aid has often been envisaged as a tool to boosting growth in aid recipient countries and eradicating poverty that many poor countries on the continent nowadays are confronted with. Whether aid succeeds in fulfilling its aims or not is not easy to answer. The highly controversial issue of aid effectiveness continues to baffle researchers and an ongoing debate around this topic keeps on drawing experts’ attention from all over the world. We have tried to examine aid from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. The first chapter provides the reader with the necessary background so that he/she gets familiarized with the notion of aid and its purposes. The second chapter examines the welfare and terms of trade analysis of aid, focusing mainly on the so-called “Transfer Paradox” (i.e., the enrichment of the donor country and the impoverishment of the recipient) and the conditions under which it can occur. The third chapter is associated with the relationship between aid and corruption, namely whether aid can potentially foster corruption in recipient countries or not. The next chapter tries to identify the possible reasons for aid giving, namely what factors encourage donors to give aid to recipient countries. The issue of aid effectiveness is examined in the fifth chapter, paying attention to aid’s capability of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. The last chapter is devoted to the aid-growth nexus that is central in the literature on aid. We try to explain whether aid manages to boost growth in aid recipient countries or not and we illustrate this with two case studies from the real world, one for Bangladesh and one for Uganda.
Chinese FDI in Greece and the future about Sino-Greece relations
(30-09-2024) Dong, Tiantian; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Milliou, Chrysovalantou; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
In the context of globalization and economic integration, China has gradually transformed from a capital-importing country to a significant capital-exporting country. With its growing economic strength, China's global investment activities have become increasingly active, particularly with the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, leading to a steady increase in investments in European markets. In this process, Greece, with its unique geographical location and economic environment, has become a key destination for Chinese investments in Europe. Furthermore, the acceleration of globalization and the complexity of geopolitical dynamics have intensified the impact of China's overseas investments on the global economic landscape. This paper first analyzes relevant investment theories, such as Dunning's OLI Paradigm, internalization theory, and locational advantages, to better explain the investment behaviors between the two countries. Then, through the analysis of multiple data sources, it examines Greece's trade situation, the driving factors and characteristics of China's investments in Greece, as well as the responses from both governments. The paper also forecasts the future development trends of China's foreign trade and investments in Greece and the EU, exploring potential opportunities and challenges, while providing insights for policymakers.
The effect of Investor-State Dispute Settlement mechanisms on investor confidence: empirical evidence from the Transpacific Partnership’s Tobacco negotiations
Papaefthymiou, Argyrios I.; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International European Economic Studies; Hatzipanayotou, Panos; Bilias, Ioannis
The present thesis attempts to provide an empirical perspective on the expected impact that a trend towards rolling back ISDS would have on firm-level profits. This is done through an event study examination of the relationship between the presence of an ISDS mechanism in an IIA and investor confidence. Specifically, we ask the question: how do investors react to announcements regarding the prospect of limited ISDS benefits in a trade and investment treaty that is under negotiation? The underlying purpose of this exercise is to examine how investors view ISDS, in terms of its availability alone, from a profit-enhancing perspective. Do they consider their exclusion from access to ISDS in atrade and investment agreement, in and of itself, an indication of future losses/loss of profits for the firm? Depending on the findings from such an empirical study, certain conclusions could be drawn as to how integral a part of modern international economic cooperation treaties investors consider ISDS to be. We view the case of the TPP’s so-called ‘tobacco carve-out’ as providing a unique opportunity to perform an empirical study such as the one delineated above. Given that this provision directly affected one particular industry as far as access to ISDS under the treaty is concerned, this enables us to examine whether certain news related to the negotiations preceding the provision’s final unveiling were followed by abnormally negative returns in the stocks of affected US tobacco companies. In other words, in light of the considerable political pressure that the tobacco industry channeled towards avoiding limitations on its ISDS benefits in the TPP, did those tobacco companies potentially affected by an ISDS carve-out ‘put their money were their mouth is’? To our knowledge, the present thesis constitutes the first endeavour to employ an event study approach in examining the impact of a specific provision in an international trade and/or investment agreement on investor confidence.
The impact of Foreign Direct Investment on income inequality in Viet Nam
(02-10-2023) Linh, Vu Tuan; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Moutos, Thomas; Milliou, Chrysovalantou; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
In the thesis titled The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Income Inequality in Vietnam, an exhaustive exploration of the theoretical foundations and practical implications of foreign direct investment (FDI) on income inequality is investment. This study focus on the direct and indirect pathways through which FDI influences income inequality, examining its effects through employment, wages. Findings from both quantitative and qualitative methods during the 2010-2018 period shows that FDI initially increased income inequality in Vietnam, but at a declining rate over time, notably exacerbating disparities between skilled and unskilled workers. It emphasizes the potential for FDI attraction, bolstered by workforce enhancement and institutional improvements, to alleviate income inequality. Two key solution categories are proposed, intensive encompassing skill development, institutional improvements, and targeted FDI in labor-sectors for underdeveloped regions.
The impact of migration on wages, welfare state and growth : the case of the United Kingdom
(Athens University of Economics and Business, 01-2010) Lefa, Ismini; Hatzipanayotou, Panos; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International European Economic Studies
Thesis - Athens University of Economics and Business. Postgraduate, Department of International and European Economic Studies
The influence of the environmental legislation on international trade
Basoukou, Sofia; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International European Economic Studies; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
This Thesis analyzes the interactions of two important variables: environment and trade, through different angles, in order to provide an overview of the topic. We analyze environment and Trade, through legal provisions, economic theoretical models, and empirical researches. Our results, suggest that international cooperation in environmental law, and freer trade can improve the environment in multiple cases of intra-industry trade. That is because in uniform cooperative cases, there are many advantages in social welfare and profits such as less pollution and high revenues from trade. On the other hand, some countries are characterized as pollution heavens, due to laxer environmental regulations. Furthermore, this thesis comments how variables such as transfrontier pollution, and trade barriers affect the basic interactions of trade and environment. The reduction of trade barriers such as import tariffs, is an alternative choice to control both environment and trade, and the solution, in a world that countries more and more exploit the environmental laws to promote their own trade interest.
International migration, income taxes, public input, remittances and the welfare state
Karavitis,Panagiotis I.; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International European Economic Studies; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
This paper investigates the effect of international migration on wages andwelfare in a source country. We construct a general equilibrium model of a labor –exporting (source) country, where we examine separately the case of a one classeconomy with identical consumers and the case of a two class economy whichcomprises of two groups of identical individuals, called capitalists and workers. It isassumed that migration is from the class of workers. Within this framework it isshown among other things, that international labour mobility has positive effect onthe source country’s provision of public input and it may have a positive effect onsource country’s welfare. The latter effect is contrary to main results of theinternational migration literature. The analysis provides the sufficient conditionsunder which these results are obtained.
MNEs: modes of entering foreign/international markets: a case study of Coca Cola in China and India
(02-10-2023) Καρδούλα, Μαρία Λήδα; Kardoula, Maria-Lida; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International European Economic Studies; Moutos, Thomas; Milliou, Chrysovalantou; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
Η παρούσα εργασία παρέχει μια ολοκληρωμένη εισαγωγή στις Πολυεθνικές Επιχειρήσεις, τονίζοντας το αντίκτυπο τους στις χώρες φιλοξενίας, καθώς και στις χώρες προέλευσης τους. Ερευνά την παγκόσμια επέκταση τους με βάση επιδραστικές θεωρίες των πολυεθνικών επιχειρήσεων συμπεριλαμβανομένων της θεωρίας του Stephen Hymer, της θεωρίας του Κύκλου Ζωής του Προϊόντος (Product Life Cycle theory), της θεωρίας της Εσωτερικοποίησης (Internalization theory), και του Εκλεκτικού Παραδείγματος (Eclectic Paradigm). Επιπλέον, εξετάζει τα κίνητρα και τις κινητήριες δυνάμεις για παγκόσμια επέκταση, δίνοντας έμφαση στη δημιουργία αξίας και στην ισορροπία μεταξύ της παγκόσμιας ολοκλήρωσης (global integration) και της τοπικής ανταπόκρισης (local respinsivness), χρησιμοποιώντας το Integration Responsiveness (IR) πλαίσιο. Η μελέτη εμβαθύνει περαιτέρω στους διάφορους τρόπους εισόδου που χρησιμοποιούν οι πολυεθνικές επιχειρήσεις για να αποκτήσουν πρόσβαση στις ξένες αγορές, επισημαίνοντας την Άμεση Ξένη Επένδυση, περιλαμβανομένων των τύπων και των εναλλακτικών μορφών της. Επιπλέον, αναλύονται οι καθοριστικοί παράγοντες και οι θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις που καθοδηγούν τις επιλογές τρόπου εισόδου που συμπληρώνονται από την παρουσίαση ενός οικονομικού μοντέλου για επιλογή τρόπου εισόδου. Τέλος, η εργασία καταλήγει σε μια μελέτη περίπτωσης, αναλύοντας την είσοδο της πολυεθνικής εταιρείας Coca-Cola στις αναδυόμενες οικονομίες της Κίνας και της Ινδίας, προσφέροντας μια πρακτική σύνδεση μεταξύ των παρουσιαζόμενων θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων και μιας ρεαλιστικής περίπτωσης με στόχο να παρέχει πολύτιμες γνώσεις για τα εμπόδια και τις ευκαιρίες που αντιμετωπίζουν οι πολυεθνικές επιχειρήσεις κατά την είσοδό τους σε αναδυόμενες οικονομίες.
Regional integration and economic growth
(13-01-2025) Λιαμπότης, Νικόλαος; Liampotis, Nikolaos; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics; Tzavalis, Elias; Economides, George; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
Η Διπλωματική προσφέρει μια ολοκληρωμένη αξιολόγηση των Περιφερειακών Συμφωνιών Εμπορίου (RTAs) και της επίδρασής τους στις δυναμικές του διεθνούς εμπορίου. Ξεκινά με μια επισκόπηση διαφόρων τύπων εμπορικών συμφωνιών, όπως οι Συμφωνίες Προτιμησιακού Εμπορίου (PTA), οι Συμφωνίες Ελεύθερου Εμπορίου (FTA), οι Πολυμερείς Συμφωνίες Εμπορίου (MTA) και οι Τελωνειακές Ένωσεις (CU). Εξετάζει την ιστορική ανάπτυξη του Παγκόσμιου Οργανισμού Εμπορίου (WTO) και της Γενικής Συμφωνίας για τους Δασμούς και το Εμπόριο (GATT), επισημαίνοντας σημαντικούς γύρους διαπραγματεύσεων.Περιλαμβάνει μελέτες περίπτωσης για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (EU), τη Βόρειοαμερικανική Συμφωνία Ελεύθερου Εμπορίου (NAFTA) και την Ένωση Κρατών της Νοτιοανατολικής Ασίας (ASEAN) για να απεικονίσει διάφορα επίπεδα οικονομικής συνεργασίας. Κάνει ανασκόπηση της σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας για τη δημιουργία και την απόκλιση εμπορίου μέσα στις RTAs, υποστηριζόμενη από εμπειρικές μελέτες, και εξετάζει τις τομεακές, κοινωνικές και περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις αυτών των συμφωνιών.Επιπλέον, συζητά γεωπολιτικές, ψηφιακές και μελλοντικές τάσεις που επηρεάζουν την εξέλιξη των περιφερειακών συμφωνιών εμπορίου και επικεντρώνεται στις αναδυόμενες προκλήσεις σε έναν ταχέως παγκοσμιοποιημένο κόσμο. Τα ευρήματα υπογραμμίζουν την πολύπλευρη φύση των RTAs και τη δυνατότητά τους να ενισχύσουν και να διαταράξουν τις ροές εμπορίου. Το συμπέρασμα συνοψίζει τις κύριες διαπιστώσεις και προσφέρει συστάσεις για μελλοντικές ερευνητικές και πολιτικές πρωτοβουλίες.
Study on the economic effects of anti-dumping: a case study of the EU’s anti-dumping against China’s photovoltaic products
(27-09-2022) Hou, Xinyan; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Moutos, Thomas; Milliou, Chrysovalantou; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
As a legal trade remedy to protect home industry approved by WTO, anti-dumping has been frequently applied in international trade. The anti-dumping case against China’s photovoltaic products by the EU in 2012 has become one of the biggest trade disputes between the two sides so far for the huge amount of money it involves and its wide influence. The paper first analyzes and sums up the economic effects of anti-dumping on exporters and importers comprehensively from the perspectives of trade, enterprise and country with relevant international trade theories. After that, by empirically analyzing the significance degrees of the above economic effects in the photovoltaic anti-dumping case on the basis of the relevant data and facts, the paper draws a conclusion that trade disruption effect, trade deflection effect and trade depression effect caused by anti-dumping, destructive and creative effects at enterprise level, output and employment effects, correlative effect among industries, responsive and retaliatory anti-dumping at national level are all significant in the specific case. Additionally, trade disruption effect influences the EU far greater than trade diversion effect, and anti-dumping can only provide limited protection for local import substitution industries.
The financial & economic crisis of 2008 and its impact in the global economy and world trade
(10-07-2018) Kullau, Mariglen; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
The Financial and Economic Crisis of 2008-2009 is considered the most severe and persistentcrisis since the Great Depression. What started as a crisis in the sub-prime mortgage USmarket, soon developed into an International banking crisis, followed by a global economicdownturn. The result was the decline of global output and the ‘collapse’ of internationaltrade. The world was presented with a number of problems to solve and measures need tobe introduced rapidly to prevent further damage. In our study, we will make an attempt tomake an extensive analysis of the latest crisis, its implications on the world trade and thishas affected the global economy.Our primary focus will in Europe as it is the biggesteconomy and the bigger trade partner on the global stage.
Transatlantic trade and barriers: Trump’s era
(06-2019) Kourdoumpas, Ioannis; Κουρδουμπάς, Ιωάννης; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Katsimi, Margarita; Hatzipanayotou, Panos
This thesis provides an overview of the transatlantic relationship, focusing on the economic and commercial ties between the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Specifically we will address the issues and implications that emerge due to the rise of protectionism in the form of trade barriers and try to analyze the consequences and the expected outcomes. The analysis consists of five sections: The first chapter focuses on Free Trade Agreements and in particular investigates the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The analysis also provides some results of existing studies regarding TTIP’s impact on both the partners and the rest of the world. The second chapter examines and focuses on the transatlantic trade between the US and EU. The third chapter refers to Trade Wars, the theory behind them, historic references and outcomes and the role that the new US administration is playing to the international developments. The fourth chapter is consisted of the micro economic analysis perspective which will try to explain why governments implement tariffs and will exam if those tariffs can be beneficial to the economies and if so, under what circumstances. In the last chapter conclusions derived from the study are briefly discussed.