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An automatic stabilizer for the Euro area: A European unemployment benefit scheme
(2018-03-20) Nasopoulos, Vasileios; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Tsakloglou, Panagiotis
The purpose of this paper is to present the discourse on the automatic stabilizer for the Euro Area, the European Unemployment Benefits Scheme. Chapter 1 introduces the theories of integration that envisaged the European Monetary Union and the incremental approach on integration that followed ever since. The theory of Optimal Currency Area as the blueprint for the EMU and the institutional building blocks of the present EMU are presented, alongside the trajectory of the debate for the EMU institutional framework in the literature. The stabilisation process in the EMU was devoid of an instrument of fiscal capacity and the aftermath of the crisis rekindled the debate for an automatic stabilizer. Based upon the lessons of the crisis and the evident inconsistencies that increased the cost of the monetary union, the EUBS theoretical project was brought into the highest level of policy-making in the five Presidents’ Report as a call for an automatic stabilizer for the Euro Area. Chapter 2 introduces the project of the EUBS and its designated utility features. The trajectory of the debate on a fiscal stabilizer traced out the design of the EUBS and the main design features as described in the literature. The common ground among the studies in the literature is analyzed in terms of stabilisation efficiency and cost, in relation to the moral hazard problem. It is further explored the danger of institutional moral hazard that arises in all multi-tiered systems, to be mitigated before establishing an EUBS framework. Chapter 2 concludes with the theoretical presentation of EUBS variants models by Miroslav Beblavý and Karolien Lenaerts in the study of Feasibility and Added value of an European Unemployment Benefits Scheme 2017, that encompasses the work of all the studies in the literature up to date. Chapter 3 presents the results of the simulations and the conclusions drawn from the performance of the respective models. The simulations include backward-looking models that estimate the stabilisation capacity and crisis mitigation if an EUBS had been established in the period 1995-2013. Moreover, forward-looking models simulate the impact on stabilisation of an EUBS in the event of four hypothetical scenarios of shocks. The results of the simulations envision the limitations and the capability of a European Unemployment Benefit Scheme andits added value on the European Monetary Union framework, the European citizens and the European Project in general.
The battle of poverty indicators: consumption vs income based GMI simulation
(2018-02-08) Planiteros, George; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Moutos, Thomas; Tsakloglou, Panagiotis
The paper looks at the robustness of the poverty analysis results with respect to the indicator used. In particular, it examines how the interpretation of inequality, poverty, social welfare, as well as, the design and fiscal estimation of the GMI program in Greece differentiate when consumption expenditure rather than income is used for the simulations. For this purpose, the decompositions of specific regional, demographic, educational, and socio-economic characteristics of the qualifying households and the fiscal implications of GMI are analysed. The aim of the paper is to construct the profile of the eligible GMI household on the basis of the two alternative concepts of resources. The hypothesis under testing holds that that there is little overlap between income and expenditure poverty and very few households are both income- and expenditure-poor.
Differentiated integration in the EU: current situation and recent developments
(2019-02-07) Kerasounlis, Konstantinos; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Milliou, Chrysovalantou; Tsakloglou, Panagiotis
Πώς τα μέλη της ΕΕ διαφέρουν μεταξύ τους σε βαθμό ολοκλήρωσης, γιατί και κατά πόσο υπάρχουν τάσεις σύγκλισης.
Gender discrimination in the labor market: causes, economic analysis and prospects
(2019-01-14) Bousias, Ioannis; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies; Topaloglou, Nikolaos; Tsakloglou, Panagiotis
The current project is a macroscopic analysis of gender discrimination in the labor market. This project will outline how discriminations deprive society of its economic welfare leaving both the society and the employers bereft of profits in the 21st century, in a world of constant change -the world of labor. This project emphasizes the gender discrimination in the labor market. The discrimination in forms of labor market exclusion and gander pay gap will be examined. In the first chapter, there is a general introduction of a short historical overview of discriminations. In this section, there is also a reference to the main causes of discrimination between the two sexes. Here; the goal is to familiarize the reader with the subject. In the second chapter, there is a detailed reference to the theories of discrimination with the most important of them being Becker’s and Phelps theories. These theories aim to highlight the issue and try to explain the reasons for discrimination and pay differentials at workplace between women and men. In the third chapter the role of human capital in the gender discrimination is analyzed. Human capital is one of the most crucial factors that contribute to gender discrimination, as it explains why a man and a woman with the same characteristics are paid different wages for the same kind of work. To continue, in the section of empirical evidence, diagrams and tables from Eurostat and other reliable sources are used to explain and show the situation in Europe, US, Greece and generally in developing and developed countries and conclude that gender discrimination exists and it is a common phenomenon in the world of labor. The next section is the institutional framework section. Here social and legal dimensions of the problem are to be presented. This chapter focuses on what has been done and what remains to be done to eliminate this phenomenon. To the next chapter, the example of Greece is showcased focusing on Greece’s efforts and their results in discrimination field. In the final chapter, conclusions are drawn, stating that governments, societies, and many independent groups and NGO’s have seen to the problem and have achieved great results. Maybe the problem remains, but there are many programs still running and in the future the situation may be better than it is today. Besides, a normal percentage of discrimination is essential to exist as to ensure balance in society. All data and sources that are used are from scientific writings and projects conducted by economic and social scientists who have worked on the issue called discrimination in the past years. Yet, there are occasions especially in the conclusions, where the writer’s personal viewpoint over the subject is mentioned. The project is written in English.
Poverty dynamics in the European Union : 1994-2000
(Athens University of Economics and Business, 2009) Andriopoulou, Eirini; Tsakloglou, Panagiotis
Doctoral thesis - Athens University of Economics and Business. Department of International and European Economic Studies
Private returns to Education in the Greek labour market: unemployment- adjusted estimates
Galanakis, Yannis; Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International European Economic Studies; Tsakloglou, Panagiotis
The relationship between the employment position(s) one has -as reflected by his/her remuneration- and the acquired level of education is well-established in literature. The crisis, itself, seems to have a remarkably great impact to policies which reform the labour market and affect educational investment decisions. The aim of this essay is to compare the private returns to education in the Greek labour market before (2008) and during (2014) the economic crisis taking into account the probability of unemployment. In fact, the latter, in 2014, does not appear to be affected by education. However, Human Capital Theory is confirmed since more years of schooling yield greater returns and, hence, income both before and during the crisis. Women enjoy greater returns than men tertiary graduates were less touched by the crisis since their income is significantly higher than the other educational groups albeit the increasing unemployment rate, especially for the youth.