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Mediation analysis for high dimensional data
(2025-09-26) Bushi, Enisa; Μπούσι, Ενίσα; Demiris, Nikolaos; Pateras, Konstantinos; Papageorgiou, Ioulia
This study explores how breakfast dietary patterns influence the relationship between high blood pressure (hypertension) and the progression of artery plaque over five years in a group of 115 Greek adults. The research used a big dataset with variables related to diet and vascular health. Using exploratory factor analysis on 20 breakfast items, research identified two main dietary patterns: the Processed–Carb pattern (high in refined cereals, sugars, margarine, and tea) and the Fruit–Protein pattern (rich in fruits, cheese, and eggs). These patterns were studied to see how they affected plaque progression, while hypertension served as the covariate influencing the outcome (plaque progression). Results showed that the Fruit–Protein pattern helped prevent plaque from getting worse, while the Processed–Carb pattern made it more likely to get worse. When considering dietary patterns, the direct impact of persistent hypertension on plaque progression was not significant. However, both breakfast patterns showed a positive relationship where hypertension indirectly influenced plaque progression through diet. Overall, the study suggests that specific breakfast choices can mediate the effects of hypertension persistence on artery plaque development, with healthy fruit and protein-rich breakfasts connected to less progression and those high in processed food associated with increased progression.